аЯрЁБс>ўџ ,.ўџџџ+џџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџьЅС7 №П›bjbjUU .$7|7|›џџџџџџlтттттттіxxxx „іЃ ЖЄККККККК" $ $ $ $ $ $ $Y y bH тКККККH жттКК] жжжКжтКтК" жК" жLж" тт" К˜ РВ|™Чі‚xF" " s 0Ѓ " л жл " жііттттй Campaigning Gene Dr Martin Dent Co founder of Jubilee 2000 based much of the call for debt cancellation campaign on the anti slavery movement. He once explained that his great, great, great grandfather was Thomas Fowell Buxton, who had been involved in the abolition of slavery and here Francis Buxton a Birmingham JDC supporter takes up the story of how the family tradition is being carried forward by his son Nick Buxton. I’ve been asked to tell you of an Englishman who played an essential role in the closure of a chapter of slavery. Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton (baronet) – my great great great grandfather. Tracing family trees is popular nowadays, witness ‘Who do you think you are?’ on TV, or websites like Ancestry or Genes Reunited. Many of those who are surnamed Buxton don’t need to expend any effort tracing the family line, because it’s all been done for us. Some of us are a bit embarrassed by our inclusion in Burkes Baronetage & Peerage: after all, don’t we like to think of ourselves as modern, liberal, egalitarian Brits of the 21st century, for whom class-consciousness is an anachronism. But we are proud that we have a’Liberator’as ancestor: for that is the nickname attached to Sir Thomas. Born in Essex in 1786, his father was an Anglican but his mother a Quaker, a member of the Religious Society of Friends. In fact Thomas himself married a Quaker, Hannah Gurney, sister of Elizabeth Fry who is well known for her prison reform work. (Both Elizabeth Fry and Thomas Fowell Buxton feature on the current Ѓ5 note: Buxton is the figure wearing glasses, in the group on the left hand side of Elizabeth Fry.) In 1808 Thomas joined the brewers Truman Hanbury & Co in Brick Lane, Spitalfields, London. When he was appointed partner in the business it was renamed Truman Hanbury Buxton & Co. He was elected Member of Parliament for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis in 1818. Immediately he threw his energies into the campaign to abolish slavery, as well as for changes in prison conditions and criminal law and the abolition of capital punishment (Britain had to wait till the 1960s for that to be accomplished). By 1818 the slave trade had of course been ended for many years, but Thomas wanted to see the abolition of slavery itself. He helped found the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery (later the Anti-Slavery Society) in 1823. He took over as leader of the abolition movement in the House of Commons after William Wilberforce retired in 1825. His efforts paid off in 1833 when slavery was officially abolished in the British Empire. It’s important to add that this was not simply a matter of ‘wealthy upper class white gentleman saves poor black slaves’. Even allowing for the very different context and different perceptions of the times, Thomas did not see himself or the British establishment working on their own. At his best he showed solidarity with African movements fighting for slavery: for example, the slave rebellions in Haiti, or the tours done by former slave Olaudah Equino in Britain advocating for an end to slavery. In 1839 he urged the British Government to make treaties with African leaders to abolish the slave trade. They sent a team (not including Thomas) to the Niger Delta in 1841, which set up a headquarters and began negotiations. The party suffered so many deaths from disease that the government called them back. Sir Thomas (created a baronet in 1840) fell into ill health, which some attributed to his disappointment over the failed mission to Africa. He died in 1845. There is a memorial to the emancipation of slaves and dedicated to Sir Thomas in Victoria Tower Gardens, very close to the palace of Westminster. So there is justifiable gratitude and pride amongst the present twigs of the Buxton family tree, for this ancestor who did so much for the ending of the evil of slavery. Gratitude and pride, but not I hope complacency. There are now more people in slavery throughout the world than there were at the height (or should that be the depth?) of the slave trade: victims of, for example, people trafficking, slave wages for immigrants, or unfair trade laws that force countries into poverty and debt. The Anti-Slavery Society still has its work cut out. And some of the twigs continue Sir Thomas’ and Elizabeth Fry’s tradition of campaigning against injustice. I am thankful and proud that my own son Nick, who began his working life with Jubilee 2000 and then CAFOD, is now an activist, campaigner and writer based in Bolivia. He is learning from and working alongside Bolivian social movements involved in the struggle against the private exploitation of natural resources such as water or gas, and for the rights of indigenous peoples. He writes a blog which is well worth a look, not least for his stunning photos! ( HYPERLINK "http://www.nickbuxton.info" \t "_blank" www.nickbuxton.info). He’s recently completed a chapter on debt for a book on Bolivia & Globalisation: "Dignity and Defiance: Bolivia's struggle with globalisation", due to be published early in 2008. There’s more than enough for today’s ‘Wilberforces’ or ‘Buxtons’, be they black, brown or white, to abolish: not least the modern slavery of unpayable debts, still a cruel chain round many countries’ necks in spite of all that has been achieved. Francis Buxton It now remains to make the links between the Dent family and Buxton branch of the campaigners, but the cry “its all in the genes” seems to spring to mind! Audrey Miller O "dgщъ23ря›ѓуѓкакЦкЙкЙЎЙкк0JCJOJQJ^JjCJOJQJU^J6CJOJQJ^JCJH*OJQJ^JCJOJQJ^J5CJOJQJ\^JmH sH CJOJQJ^JmH sH ­ЎЏijХЦh i #$UV‡ˆАБщъряііііёёёёёёёёёёёёёёёёёёёёёяdh Цаdh›§я№›їїї$dha$,1hА‚. АЦA!А7"А7#7$Ъ%ААХАХ Ф i8@ёџ8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH J@J Heading 1ЄdЄd@&[$\$5CJ0KH$\aJ0N`N Heading 2$$dh@&a$6CJOJQJ]^J<A@ђџЁ< Default Paragraph Font.U@Ђё. Hyperlink >*B*phџ:^@: Normal (Web)ЄdЄd[$\$4 @4 Footer  ЦрР!mH sH ›$џџџџ­ЎЏijХЦhi# $   U V ‡ˆАБщъря№š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€š0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€0€€˜0€€˜0€€˜0€€›я››щ2›XTџŒзн-3PUV[{‰оф’™ЎК T\п ц ч э ЄЈ")w€жофъМТдлЄЎs|33333џџ AudreycC:\Documents and Settings\Audrey\Application Data\Microsoft\Word\AutoRecovery save of Document1.asdAudreyFC:\Documents and Settings\Audrey\My Documents\JDC\Campaigning Gene.docAudreyFC:\Documents and Settings\Audrey\My Documents\JDC\Campaigning Gene.docAudreyFC:\Documents and Settings\Audrey\My Documents\JDC\Campaigning Gene.docAudreyFC:\Documents and Settings\Audrey\My Documents\JDC\Campaigning Gene.docџ@€пп4 пР›@@џџUnknownџџџџџџџџџџџџG‡z €џTimes New Roman5€Symbol3& ‡z €џArial"qˆ№аhEДdŒДF а &!№779Д‚20р2ƒ№џџCampaigning GeneAudreyAudreyўџр…ŸђљOhЋ‘+'Гй0t˜ДРамшј  0 < HT\dlфCampaigning GenedampAudreynudrudrNormalnAudreyn3drMicrosoft Word 9.0@вIk@6Z zЧ@и5{Ч аўџеЭеœ.“—+,љЎDеЭеœ.“—+,љЎ<ј hp|„Œ” œЄЌД М йф-/& р  Campaigning Gene TitleИ 8@ _PID_HLINKSфAp2|http://www.nickbuxton.info/ ўџџџўџџџ !"ўџџџ$%&'()*ўџџџ§џџџ-ўџџџўџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџRoot Entryџџџџџџџџ РF  ‹™Ч/€1TableџџџџџџџџџџџџWordDocumentџџџџџџџџ.$SummaryInformation(џџџџDocumentSummaryInformation8џџџџџџџџџџџџ#CompObjџџџџjObjectPoolџџџџџџџџџџџџ  ‹™Ч  ‹™Чџџџџџџџџџџџџўџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџџўџ џџџџ РFMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.8є9Вq